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Rail Cargo christi corpus.Rail Cargo christi corpus InformationThe music culture model can be used to view music not as a part of culture, but culture as a part of music, which gives a better understanding to outsiders trying to comprehend another society's music. The first component of the music culture model is ideas about music; this topic is subdivided into music and the belief system, aesthetics of music, context, and history. The second aspect is activities involving music in that culture. The third facet is repertories of music, which includes styles, genres, texts, composition, transmission, and movement. The last part of the music culture model is the material culture of the music, that is, what physical objects are used. By applying the music culture model to the war drumming of the Ewe people of Ghana, a greater appreciation of both the Ewe culture and their music can be attained.The first aspect of ideas about music is how music relates to the belief system of the people. In the Ewe tradition, music helps people get in touch with their ancestors and feel the power of life. Ancestors are very important to the Ewe because one's ancestors have the power to work both good and evil on a descendant's life; therefore, ancestors must be pleased through music. The power of life is also important to the Ewe because most natural things are seen as holy, and the energy force that runs through nature can be tapped through music. The second idea about music in the music culture model is aesthetics. In the Ewe culture, powerful music is regarded as "good" music. The force of drumming in a song like "Agbekor," for example, helps remind the people of past war victories and bravery shown on the battlefield, an important concept for the Ewe people. The next aspect examined by the music culture model is the context of the music. Typical Ewe drumming performances are presented at funerals and festivals, where the aim is to reach the spirits of one's ancestors. Music is a social element for these people, and performances are held for entire villages. The final idea about music in the music culture model is the history of the music. Drumming is one of the most historically important facets of Ewe culture. In the past, drumming has given the Ewe people freedom by way of intimidating their captors, as well as victories in the battlefield, and the blessings of ancestors. Music is preserved by the musicians, who teach the younger generation through informal instruction. Musicians inherit musical gifts from their ancestors, and music is not an occupation; it is one's destiny. The second component of the music culture model is activities involving music in the society. Some songs, like "Agbekor," were used as war drumming until the time that intertribal fighting died down. After that, "Agbekor" was used mainly as a funeral song. During the performance of "Agbekor," singers and dancers, as well as onlookers surround a group of drummers. The third part of the music culture model is repertoires of music, which is subdivided into six elements. The first is style. The style of Ewe drumming is a basic bell rhythm, through which polyrhythmic drumming weaves in and out. The second element of the repertoires is the genre of the song. "Agbekor" is a typical war drumming song, and most songs performed by the Ewe follow this genre. The drumming is connected with words, which are not always sung, and are known only to the drummers. The texts celebrate victories and praise warriors and ancestors. Call and response is very integral to the Ewe sound. The fourth component of the repertoires of Ewe music is composition. "Agbekor" was, as legend has it, a song that hunters learned from monkeys in the forest that was passed down for many generations. Although the Ewe have no written notation for their music, songs are transmitted through observation and imitation, and much training is needed to become a master drummer. The last aspect of repertoires of Ewe music is the movement that accompanies it. Both female and male dancers accompany the Ewe drumming, although their dance styles differ, the male style being more acrobatic. The last feature of the music culture model is the material culture of the music--everything that a culture produces related to music. The most important objects produced are the instruments. The main Ewe membranophones and idiophones are five drums, of decreasing size: the atsimevu, the kidi, the totodzi, the kloboto, and the kagann, as well as a gourd shaker called an axatse and the leading double bell, called the gankogui. The music culture model fosters understanding on a deeper level than just listening to or reading the music. By understanding how and why a culture produces music the way it does, more knowledge can be gained both about the culture and the music. By analyzing the music of the Ewe people in this way, greater appreciation is attained. |